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📖 DAILY BOOK SUMMARIES 📖 🔗 DIRECT FREE E-BOOK DOWNLOAD LINK AVAILABLE — https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lhb3QcIPefOPk8YzjQ9zBJlalxWqP6kE/view?usp=drivesdk 🔥 The Art of Thinking Clearly 🔥 🚀 20 Lessons 👉 ✨ Rolf Dobelli ✨ 1. What is Cognitive Bias? • Cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking that affect decisions and judgments, often leading to irrational choices. 2. Survivorship Bias • Focusing only on successes while ignoring failures leads to distorted conclusions and unrealistic expectations. 3. Loss Aversion • People fear losses more than they value equivalent gains, often resulting in overly cautious decisions. 4. Confirmation Bias • Seeking information that supports existing beliefs while ignoring evidence that contradicts them. 5. Anchoring Effect • Relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered, which skews subsequent judgments. 6. The Sunk Cost Fallacy • Continuing an endeavor because of prior investment, even when it’s no longer viable or beneficial. 7. Reciprocity Bias • Feeling obligated to return favors, which can lead to decisions based on guilt rather than rationality. 8. Social Proof • Relying on others' actions to determine one’s own, especially in uncertain situations, can lead to herd behavior. 9. Availability Heuristic • Overestimating the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind, often due to recent exposure. 10. Authority Bias • Overvaluing opinions and decisions of authority figures, even when they may be flawed. 11. Outcome Bias • Judging decisions based on outcomes rather than the quality of the decision-making process itself. 12. Hindsight Bias • Believing events were predictable after they happen, leading to overconfidence in judgment. 13. Framing Effect • The way information is presented influences decisions, even if the content remains the same. 14. Overconfidence Effect • Overestimating one’s knowledge or abilities, often leading to poor decisions. 15. Clustering Illusion • Seeing patterns in random events, leading to misconceptions and incorrect assumptions. 16. Base Rate Neglect • Ignoring statistical realities in favor of anecdotal or specific information. 17. Planning Fallacy • Underestimating the time, costs, and risks of future actions, leading to overly optimistic plans. 18. The Halo Effect • Allowing one positive trait to overshadow all other characteristics, leading to biased judgments. 19. Scarcity Error • Overvaluing things perceived as scarce, even when they may not be inherently valuable. 20. How to Think Clearly • Recognize and understand biases, question assumptions, and base decisions on logic and evidence rather than emotion.