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13. Principle-Centered Living: Covey advocates for living by timeless, universal principles (such as integrity, fairness, human dignity) rather than reacting to emotions or external forces. Aligning with these principles helps guide decisions and actions, leading to long-term effectiveness. 14. Private Victory Before Public Victory: The first three habits (Be Proactive, Begin with the End in Mind, Put First Things First) focus on personal or "private" victories—achieving self-mastery and independence. These are essential before pursuing "public victories," or success in interdependent relationships (Habits 4-6). 15. Abundance vs. Scarcity Mentality: People with an abundance mentality believe there’s enough success and resources for everyone, which leads to collaboration. In contrast, those with a scarcity mentality think success is limited, leading to competition and insecurity. 16. The Power of Paradigms: Covey emphasizes that the way we see the world (our paradigms) shapes our actions and outcomes. Shifting paradigms—viewing things from different perspectives—can unlock new possibilities for problem-solving and personal growth. 17. Habit as the Intersection of Knowledge, Skill, and Desire: Covey defines a habit as a combination of knowledge (what to do), skill (how to do it), and desire (wanting to do it). All three elements must come together to form a habit that leads to effectiveness. 18. "Inside-Out" Approach: Covey advocates for solving problems by focusing on changing yourself first (inside) rather than trying to change external situations or other people (outside). Personal growth leads to better outcomes in relationships and work.