India's startup ecosystem represents a powerful convergence of technological innovation, entrepreneurial spirit, and evolving policy frameworks. Having grown to become the world's third-largest startup hub with over 100,000 registered ventures, the landscape is characterized by its distinctive "frugal innovation" approach—creating sophisticated solutions under resource constraints that address both local challenges and global markets. While significant progress has been made through policy initiatives supporting entrepreneurship, persistent challenges include investment concentration in metropolitan areas, talent retention, and the need for more robust later-stage funding mechanisms. Nevertheless, the ecosystem continues to demonstrate remarkable resilience and adaptability, increasingly positioning India not just as a service provider but as a global innovation center where technology serves as a vehicle for inclusive economic transformation.
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