If an individual's annual income is ₹12 lakh, their tax liability would be calculated as follows:
₹0 to ₹4,00,000: No tax
₹4,00,001 to ₹8,00,000: 5% of ₹4,00,000 = ₹20,000
₹8,00,001 to ₹12,00,000: 10% of ₹4,00,000 = ₹40,000
Total tax liability = ₹20,000 + ₹40,000 = ₹60,000
However, since the individual's income is within the ₹12 lakh limit, they can claim a rebate of ₹60,000 under Section 87A, reducing their net tax payable to zero.