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User Research 1] User Personas 2] User Interviews 3] Surveys and Questionnaire 4] Ethnographic Research PM's primary goal is to provide its users with what they want, something they'll want to keep coming back. Various research methods are used to study the needs of target customers, it includes user interviews, surveys, questionnaires, etc. Different teams in the organization require different types of user data, e.g. sales and marketing teams will need specific data which won't be useful for the engineering team. Quantitative User Research:- Quantitative is related to measuring something, this data is numbers-based and is easily countable. Qualitative User Research:- This type of user data is based on the quality of data, it focuses on how good the data is, rather than its quantity. Different Research Methods are:- 1) User Personas:- This is the fictional representation of the group of your product's ideal customer. e.g. a social media app will consider University students, age group between 25-40 as the group of the user research and then will collect data accordingly. 2) User Interviews:- The term is self-explanatory i.e. Interviews of the users, having a one-on-one conversation with current/potential users to identify the shortcomings/good points of the product. 3) Surveys and Questionnaire:- Periodic surveys are conducted by the companies in which questions are provided to target users, the data collected is then analyzed to improve the product for its current and future users 4) Ethnographic Research:- It helps to understand user behaviors, routines, cultures, and motivations in their natural surroundings. It helps the PM to understand the user's POV. There are various other methods as well that can be used for user research, but these are the most commonly used. Also, an early-stage company must be able to protect its customer data, after all, trust-building is an important aspect of being successful.