CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a revolutionary genetic engineering tool that allows scientists to edit DNA with unprecedented precision, efficiency, and flexibility. It is based on a natural defense mechanism found in bacteria and archaea, where these organisms use CRISPR-associated proteins (like Cas9) to cut and destroy the DNA of invading viruses. 1. Medicine: Gene therapy for genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington's disease. Developing cancer immunotherapies. Creating antiviral treatments, including for HIV and COVID-19. 2. Agriculture: Engineering crops for higher yield, pest resistance, and better nutrition. Developing disease-resistant livestock. 3. Research: Studying gene functions and pathways. Modeling diseases in laboratory organisms. 4. Environmental: Engineering microbes for bioremediation. Controlling invasive species through gene
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