In India, ministers are often appointed based on political experience, regional and caste representation, and coalition dynamics rather than subject matter expertise. The focus is more on ensuring political balance and trust within the ruling party or coalition. Bureaucracy, particularly IAS officers, is relied upon for technical expertise, with ministers primarily making policy decisions. This approach stems from the need for social and regional inclusivity in a diverse country like India. Additionally, many subject matter experts do not participate in electoral politics, limiting their chances of being appointed as ministers. While this system ensures political representation, it often leads to a gap in domain-specific knowledge at the ministerial level, which could be addressed by involving experts more directly in governance.
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