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How profitable InCred stands out among bleeding fintech lenders: Interview with Bhupinder Singh

EntrackrEntrackr · 1y ago
How profitable InCred stands out among bleeding fintech lenders: Interview with Bhupinder Singh
Medial

Lending has turned out to be the most obvious money making channel for fintech startups in India. Right from large to small fintech companies are resorting to distributing loans through own and third party lenders such as banks and NBFCs. Most growth stage fintech startups have been lending aggressively, but they still bear huge losses on a consolidated basis. However, the eight-year-old InCred is an exception as the firm’s operating revenue spiked 48% to Rs 1,267 crore in FY24. At the same time, its profit grew 160% to Rs 316 crore in FY24. InCred claims to have offered credit to 3,50,000 borrowers since its inception in 2016. InCred group operates three companies – InCred Finance, InCred Capital, and InCred Money. To understand InCred’s growth across segments, startup investments including Oyo and collection (recovery) among others, Entrackr spoke to the company’s founder and chief executive Bhupinder Singh. Here are the edited excerpts. How has the size of asset under management (AUM) across personal, education and business loans grown? Our asset under management or AUM grew 49% in FY24 and we closed FY24 with over Rs 9,000 crore in AUM, spread across personal loans which accounts for 44% of our AUM while micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) contributed 35% of the total disbursal. Educational loans formed 21% of the entire loan book including third-parties capital. Can you talk about growth numbers across three segments: personal, business and educational in the last fiscal year? We have had strong growth across all three segments in FY24: Personal loans grew at 57% whereas educational loans spiked at 86%. Business (MSMEs) borrowing increased 32% during the last fiscal. Which factors led to the upsurge in educational loans? Strong preference to study abroad for superior exposure and growth prospects, along with growing awareness in terms of universities and courses through social media and internet are some of the key driving factors, which have accentuated further over the last few years. InCred has started equity investment across startups. Why has it entered into what’s widely dubbed as risky equity investment? We invest in startups through InCred Capital where we focus on identifying attractive investment opportunities in private companies. However, we only put money in startups which are available at reasonable valuations and have long-term structural growth potential. Besides InCred Capital, we also have a private equity fund providing growth capital to startups and other businesses. You said that InCred Capital looks for reasonable valuation while investing into startups. InCred capital recently invested in Oyo at a $2.38 Bn valuation. Do you think this is the right valuation of Oyo? Any investment opportunity we identify for our clients is based on our fundamental thesis of providing an attractive risk-return profile for our wealth clients. We believe that Oyo falls in that category and provides an opportunity for long term value creation. Collection is the hardest part of any form of lending be it traditional or digital. How did InCred solve this and what’s the size of NPA? Agreed. I think it starts right from our strong, proactive focus on risk and analytics, and then collections, which is more reactive. We have over 150 pan-India collections teams across products that track repayments and employ multiple modes, depending upon the product-specific requirement and level of customer delinquency. For early defaulters, we use techniques like tele-calling to educate them about default implications such as credit score deterioration. For late-stage defaulters, focus is more on limiting losses through field visits, vendor engagement among others. We also use mechanisms like setting up escrow accounts for superior collections. InCred efficiency has been consistently tracking at 98%. Our March 2024 NNPA stood at 0.8% and was among the best in the industry. InCred merged with KKR Financial services in 2022. How has the merger panned out in terms of business? Let me start by giving you some context. While technically it was a reverse merger of InCred with KKR India’s credit arm, substance over form, InCred acquired KKR’s corporate loan book. It was a win-win for both InCred and KKR. What KKR got was a profitable exit from its corporate book, which they were looking for, and the opportunity to be part of a successful and long-term lending growth story with InCred in the driver’s seat. For InCred, the deal was purely an equity raising exercise with KKR joining our cap table and our net worth swelling 3X to over Rs 3,200 crore as of December 2023. At the same time, we were able to quickly wind down the corporate loan book and focus on building a granular retail franchise, which is our broad vision for InCred Finance.

NCLT Ahmedabad initiates insolvency proceedings against BluSmart

EntrackrEntrackr · 3d ago
NCLT Ahmedabad initiates insolvency proceedings against BluSmart
Medial

NCLT Ahmedabad initiates insolvency proceedings against BluSmart BluSmart Mobility, the electric vehicle ride-hailing startup, has been admitted into insolvency proceedings by the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), Ahmedabad, following a creditor petition filed by Catalyst Trusteeship. The tribunal’s order, delivered on July 28, comes as a blow to BluSmart and adds to the growing turbulence faced by the Gurugram-based company. According to tribunal records reviewed by Entrackr, the insolvency process was initiated after BluSmart defaulted on servicing its Rs 15 crore debt raised through 15 secured, redeemable non-convertible debentures (NCDs) issued in April 2023. Catalyst Trusteeship, acting as debenture trustee for InCred Credit Opportunities Fund-I, pointed out that BluSmart was required to redeem the NCDs in equal principal installments. However, repayments were delayed and the company ultimately defaulted on payments totaling over Rs 1.28 crore for the March and April 2025 installments, which breached the Rs 1 crore threshold for triggering action under India’s insolvency law. BluSmart’s counsel tried to defend the company, claiming payment delays were temporary and due to commercial circumstances rather than a genuine inability to pay. The company also flagged procedural issues in the proceedings, including confusion over the dates of default and initial filing defects. Its representatives argued that the petition was a tactic for debt recovery, especially since a related interim regulatory order from SEBI had been issued against BluSmart’s group company, Gensol Engineering, and its promoters just weeks earlier. The NCLT, however, dismissed these objections after considering all evidence, including bank statements, board resolutions, official notices, and a key email from BluSmart’s founder on April 10, 2025, admitting the company’s liability. The bench noted that the existence of the debt and persistent defaults was beyond doubt, and technical objections could not override the substantive lack of payment. It further clarified that regulatory proceedings against related parties did not affect its assessment of the company’s own solvency position. The tribunal admitted the insolvency petition and appointed NPV Insolvency Professionals as the Interim Resolution Professional (IRP). It placed a moratorium prohibiting all legal and recovery actions against BluSmart and directed the IRP to take over management and invite claims from creditors while continuing to operate the ride-hailing business as a going concern through the resolution process. Creditors now have the opportunity to submit revival proposals, but in the absence of a workable plan, BluSmart could be headed for liquidation. BluSmart, once a promising EV ride-hailing startup, has already suspended operations across Delhi-NCR, Bengaluru, and Mumbai since April 2025 after SEBI barred its founders over fund misuse allegations. Over 10,000 drivers were left jobless and unpaid, while customers are still waiting for wallet refunds despite the 90-day promise. The app remains non-functional, and lenders are now planning to sell off 1,500–2,000 EVs. New players like Evera Cabs are absorbing some of the fleet and drivers. Meanwhile, legal proceedings and a forensic audit are underway.

Decoding the financial health of leading cloud kitchen startups

EntrackrEntrackr · 1y ago
Decoding the financial health of leading cloud kitchen startups
Medial

The restaurant industry is witnessing a transformation with the rise of delivery-only models known as ‘cloud kitchens’, ‘virtual kitchens’, or ‘ghost kitchens’. These innovative concepts are reshaping how food is prepared, delivered, and consumed, challenging traditional restaurant models. According to a Redseer report, the estimated size of the cloud kitchen market would touch $3 billion by 2024, from $400 million in 2019. Moreover, top startups operating in the segment mopped up around $600 million in funding in the past three years and close to $1 billion since their inception, according to the startup intelligence platform TheKredible. Among India’s top cloud kitchen startups, Rebel Foods stands out as the poster boy with a topline of around Rs 1,200 crore in FY23. The list further includes Curefoods, EatClub, Biryani By Kilo, FreshMenu, Biryani Blues, Kitchens@, Bigspoon, Dil Foods, and HOI Foods. [Top funded cloud kitchen startups] Rebel Foods, which operates brands like Faasos (now EatSure), Oven Story, Lunch Box, The Good Bowl, Behrouz, Sweet Truth, and Firangi Bake, also emerged as the sole unicorn from the cloud kitchen space. The Peak XV Partners-backed company alone raised over $535 million to date whereas Curefoods scooped up around $170 million from the likes of Binny Bansal’s Three State Ventures, IronPillar, Chiratae, and Accel. In December 2023, Kitchens@ raised $65 million from London-based private equity firm Finnest. It’s worth highlighting that the firm also acquired Swiggy’s cloud kitchen’s business ‘Access Kitchens’ in a share swap deal in March last year. To recall, Swiggy entered the cloud kitchen business back in 2017. EatClub raised around $75 million across rounds including a $40 million round led by Tiger Global in December 2021. In 2022, it was also in the news for a secondary round worth $30 million. The firm operates several popular cloud kitchen brands such as Box8 and Mojo Pizza. Biryani By Kilo recently raised $9 million in an ongoing round, pushing the company’s total fundraise to $55 million to date. [Top revenue-generating cloud kitchen startups in India] Rebel Foods’ revenue from operations grew 39.2% to Rs 1,195 crore in FY23 from Rs 858.6 crore in FY22. Curefoods and EatClub follow closely, with revenues exceeding Rs 300 crore each. Biryani By Kilo also claims a revenue of around Rs 300 crore in FY23. However, beyond these frontrunners, no other brands have crossed the Rs 100 crore revenue mark as of March 2023. FreshMenu, Biryani Blues, and Kitchens@ recorded 7.5%, 53.7%, and 64.8% growth in revenue to Rs 70.21 crore, Rs 68.54 crore, and Rs 61.6 crore, respectively during FY23. While Dil Foods and HOI Foods posted Rs 7.08 crore and Rs 2.85 crore operating revenue during the year. [Spending by the cloud kitchen brands in FY23] Rebel Foods spent 31.6% of its total expenditure on the cost of materials amounting to Rs 577.54 crore while 22.2% or Rs 405.46 crore on the employee benefit cost. The overall cost of the company surged 27.9% to Rs 1,827 crore during FY23 from Rs 1429 crore in FY22. Curefoods, EatClub, FreshMenu, and Biryani Blues also spent the most on the cost of materials accounting for Rs 171.7 crore, Rs 126.17 crore, Rs 27.48 crore, and Rs 25.88 crore respectively. Whereas, employee benefit costs of these brands stood at Rs 103.5 crore, Rs 99.5 crore, Rs 17.31 crore, and Rs 14.2 crore. Kitchens@, Dil Foods, and HOI Foods spent the most on employee benefits followed by the cost of materials. In line with revenue, Rebel Foods is also on top in terms of losses. Though, the rise in losses is lower than revenue growth. The company’s losses went up nearly 23% to Rs 656.5 crore during FY23. Curefoods’ bottom line jumped 4.7X to Rs 342.7 crore while EatClub’s losses rose 53.8% to Rs 69 crore during the period. Kitchens@ (Rs 27.3 crore), Biryani Blues (Rs 15.42 crore), FreshMenu (Rs 10.15 crore), HOI Foods (Rs 1.23 crore), and Dil Foods (Rs 0.9 crore) are next in line in terms of losses. [A look at unit economics of top cloud kitchen brands] On a unit level, Rebel Foods, Curefoods, and EatClub spent Rs 1.53, 1.97, and 1.25 to earn a rupee of operating revenue in FY23. Despite their impressive revenue growth, profitability remains a challenge for many cloud kitchen startups. [Conclusion] When we compare the numbers of these players with the large listed players, we see a clear difference in critical cost heads like cost of material, employee costs. Those are areas that will need a continuous improvement in metrics, for these firms to make a serious push for profitability. While some like Freshmenu are in a clear battle to survive until the market turns into a less hostile environment, almost none of these firms can afford to burn through funds as they did in the pre-pandemic years. Even as customers seem to be reconciling to the sharp increase in sticker prices on the menu, pressure on margins from delivery, fast turning into duopoly, will ensure there is little respite in the immediate future. It will take some significant structural changes in the market, in terms of opportunity as well as growth drivers, for these firms to truly sizzle.

Funding and acquisitions in Indian startup this week [19 - 24 Aug]

EntrackrEntrackr · 11m ago
Funding and acquisitions in Indian startup this week [19 - 24 Aug]
Medial

During the week, 21 Indian startups raised around $144.46 million in funding. These deals count 5 growth-stage deals and 13 early-stage deals while 3 early-stage startups kept their transaction details undisclosed. During the previous week, 25 early and growth-stage startups cumulatively raised $432 million in funding. [Growth-stage deals] Among the growth-stage deals, 5 startups raised $91 million in funding this week. D2C water purifiers and air conditioners manufacturer Livpure spearheaded its $28 million worth Series C round. D2C ice cream brand Hangyo raised $25 million followed by online lending platform Axio, MSMEs-focused fintech lender FlexiLoans, and D2C luggage brand Uppercase with $20 million, $9 million, and $9 million in funding, respectively. [Early-stage deals] Further, 13 early-stage startups secured funding worth $53.46 million during the week. Healthtech care startup Even led the list followed by equity investment platform InvestorAI, D2C spice brand Zoff, cricket league featuring senior cricketers Legends League Cricket (LLC), and fintech startup TransBnk among others. As many as 3 startups that did not disclose the funding amount raised are; PadelPark, NxtQube, and TailBlaze. For more information, visit TheKredible. [City and segment-wise deals] In terms of the city-wise number of funding deals, Bengaluru and Delhi-NCR-based startups co-led with 7 deals each followed by Mumbai, Mangalore, Chennai, Raipur, and Nashik. Segment-wise, Fintech startups are in the top spot with 7 deals. E-commerce, Sportstech, Agritech, AI, Aquatech, and Dronetech startups followed this list among others. [Series-wise deals] During the week, Seed funding deals are on top with 7 deals followed by 5 Series A, 2 pre-Series A, 2 Series B, and 1 Debt deal. Pre-seed, pre-Series B, Series C, and Series G deals are next on the list. [Week-on-week funding trend] On a weekly basis, startup funding slipped 66.57% to $144.46 million as compared to around $432 million raised during the previous week. The average funding in the last eight weeks stands at around $225.36 million with 26 deals per week. [Fund launches] Titan Capital Winners Fund, backed by Snapdeal co-founders Kunal Bahl and Rohit Bansal, has raised its target corpus of Rs 200 crore. This fund will focus on follow-on investments in standout companies from its seed portfolio, with Bahl and Bansal serving as the largest investors. Meanwhile, Volt VC has launched its first fund, Volt VC Fund-1, aimed at closing the gap in pre-seed funding for startups across India. Additionally, Arka Investment Advisory Services has completed the final closing of its Arka Credit Fund I, a sector-agnostic, diversified credit fund that supports mid-market corporates. Edtech unicorn PhysicsWallah has introduced the PW School of Startups (SOS), backed by a Rs 100 crore fund, to nurture entrepreneurial skills and support 100 startups over the next five years through training, mentorship, and capital access. [Key hirings] Brij Bhushan, co-founder and former COO of Magicpin, has joined Prime Venture Partners as a full-time venture partner. In this role, he will be deeply involved in the firm’s investment strategies, portfolio management, and fundraising efforts, contributing his extensive experience in building and scaling startups. Sachin Bansal’s Navi Finserv onboarded former RBI executive Anil Kumar Misra as their non-executive chairman at the board. In other leadership updates, Perfios has appointed Rajesh Kini, formerly with Infosys, as their new CFO, while the Veefin Group has named Shantanu Bairagi as CEO of Veefin Capital, focusing on MSME supply chain finance. Additionally, Zapcom Group Inc. has appointed Prasanth Nair as CTO to lead their engineering initiatives, leveraging his expertise in global team management. [Mergers and Acquisitions] Zomato, the leading food delivery platform in India, has announced the acquisition of Paytm’s movies and ticketing business. This strategic move will allow Zomato to expand its offerings beyond food delivery and cater to a wider customer base. The acquisition is valued at Rs 2,048 crore ($244 million) and includes two of Paytm’s subsidiaries, TicketNew and Insider, along with their 280 employees. Zappfresh, an online retailer of fresh fish and meat, has acquired Bonsaro, a Mumbai-based company specializing in the online delivery of poultry, goat, and seafood. This acquisition marks Zappfresh’s second strategic move, following the acquisition of Sukos Foods-owned Dr. Meat in July 2023. With Bonsaro, Zappfresh aims to expand its operations in the western region and enhance its brand presence. [Shutdown] Kenko Health, a Mumbai-based healthcare startup, has shut down operations due to a financial and operational crisis. Despite raising over $13.7 million and achieving significant revenue growth, the company faced mounting losses and failed to secure an insurance license. The startup’s offices have been closed, leaving employees without pay for months. Founders Aniruddha Sen and Dhiraj Goel admitted the firm ran out of funds and was taken to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) by investors. Attempts to secure further funding or investor support failed, leading to the company’s collapse. Visit TheKredible to see series-wise deals along with amount breakup, complete details of fund launches, and more insights. [Financial results this week] MobiKwik posts Rs 875 Cr revenue and Rs 14 Cr profit in FY24 [News flash this week] Ola Electric market share drops more than 30% in last two months Baron Capital values Swiggy at $14.7 Bn How Fampay’s Rs 200 Cr bet on fintech for teenagers fell flat Paytm proposes to cut directors’ remuneration Swiggy eyes $15 Bn valuation for its $1-1.2 Bn IPO RBI imposes Rs 4 Cr fines on LenDen Club and LiquiLoans NCLT approves slice and North East Small Finance Bank’s merger IPV announces full exit from Fashor with 33% IRR Mitron TV, TrainMan co-founders set to launch AI startup Callmatic [Conclusion] The weekly funding again dwindled 66.57% to $144.46 million this week. Meanwhile, four startup-focused funds launched this week namely Titan Capital (Winners Fund), Volt VC, Arka Credit Fund, and PW School of Startups. Ola Electric, which recently went public, has seen a significant decline in its market share in the electric two-wheeler segment over the past two months. According to a report by Jefferies, Ola’s market share dropped from 49% in Q1 FY25 to 39% in July, and further to 33% in August. Meanwhile, TVS has regained some ground, increasing its market share to 19% in August from 15% in Q1 FY25. Despite this recent decline, Ola Electric has maintained its dominance in the market, with its market share having grown from 21% in FY23 to 35% in FY24. US investor Baron Capital has valued Swiggy at $14.74 billion as of June 2024, reflecting a slight decrease of 2.6% from its previous valuation of $15.1 billion in March. This dip is attributed to rupee depreciation. The valuation update comes as Swiggy prepares for its $1.25 billion initial public offering (IPO), for which it has already received shareholder approval and reportedly filed confidential papers with SEBI in May. Paytm has proposed reducing the remuneration of its independent directors as part of an effort to enhance corporate governance. The annual compensation for independent directors, currently up to Rs 2.07 crore, will be capped at Rs 48 lakh from April 2024, with a fixed portion of Rs 20 lakh and the rest tied to their attendance and contributions. Meanwhile, Fampay, a fintech startup that initially targeted teenagers, raised $38 million in 2021 but faced setbacks after losing its payment partner, IDFC Bank, in February 2023. This led to a pivot towards becoming a UPI-focused app, but the company still reported significant losses of Rs 120 crore in FY23. Despite entering the top 10 UPI apps by late 2023, Fampay’s future remains uncertain, with a potential selloff being a plausible outcome as it struggles to achieve profitability.

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